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This was King Edward's own bannerman. The monarch's presence had to be identified in battle and Kings had their own banner-bearers, chosen for their courage and endurance, to hold the colours aloft.
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King Edward Longshanks died several years before the Battle of Bannockburn , but the Bannockburn chess set would not be complete without him. Once a close friend of Robert the Bruce, it was he, more than any one individual, whose cruel and savage actions ensured and stoked the hatred of the Scots.
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Daughter to Philip the Third of France and sister of the Great Philip the Fourth (The Fair) of the Capetian line. When Edward of England, fighting in France to obtain Aquitaine, was defeated by Philip the Fair, agreement was reached whereby he married Philip's sister, Margaret. She was his second wife, his first being Eleanor of Castile, mother of the weak and indecisive Edward the Second who led the English to their destiny at Bannockburn.
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Despite his illegitimate birth, De Cressingham became an important English cleric and Chief Justice of the North of England. He was made Treasurer of Scotland by Edward l, whereby he gained control of the entire occupation-regime. His own brand of cruelty made him hated by the Scots, second only in loathing to Edward himself.
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A warlike, militant and harsh cleric who had acted as Edward lst's envoy in Scotland, Bek became a very active campaigner in the subsequent wars against Scotland. Noted for his savagery even in such savage times, and acting more like an independent prince than a prelate, he actually led his own army.
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A great English commander under Edwards First and Second, De Valance was appointed Lieutenant of Scotland in 1306 - at the time of Bruce's coronation. Soon after, he defeated the Scots at the Battle of Methven, beginning a period as a fugitive for the newly crowned King of Scotland . However, Bruce had his revenge in 1307 when he defeated Pembroke at the Battle of Loudon Hill.
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Many among the ranks of the great English army were Ulstermen, rallied in the English cause over decades by Irish noblemen like de Burgh, supporting the Plantagenets' ambitions in return for recognition within their own country and promised freedom from the threat of invasion.
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Sited near Carlisle and dating from 1169, this ungainly building was home to an Augustinian foundation. Edward l stopped at Lanercost in 1307, on his way to one more invasion campaign against Scotland. But the king was already in ill health and, during his stay, became seriously ill.
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Dating from the time of William the Conqueror, this great stronghold was sometimes used as a royal residence but more generally as the main state-prison of England. Here were sent many of the high-ranking Scottish captives of Edward the First, some being executed, some dying in desperate conditions of captivity, among them Bruce's brothers.
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This is the armour-bearer of Sir Henry Percy, of Northumberland. Bearing a mounted knight's armour and extra weaponry was the responsibility of a man who must remain close to his lord in battle - swords could be shattered or fall, spears break, helmets get knocked off, a mace or axe be needed. Such selfless loyalty was the mark of the armour-bearer.
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English long-bowmen (many of them actually Welsh) were famed and feared by all who knew their deadly effectiveness, their yew long-bows representing the machine-guns and repeating-rifles of today. They could stand well back from the enemy and shower them with wave after wave of arrows, downing them at little risk to themselves.
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The halberd was an axe-like weapon with a long shaft, particularly deadly in battle where the Halberdier could cut a swathe around his lord, or to provide archers with a field of fire; this Halberdier is in the livery of Sir Robert de Clifford, one of Bruce's most detested adversaries. After many close exchanges over the years, Clifford fell at Bannockburn.
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These were the rank-and-file infantry soldiers, usually forming the fighting train of any earl, lord or knight. In this way, were the countless personal armies welded into a nation's force.
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This is one of the Earl de Warrenne's spearmen who had the special duty of forming hedgehog-like phalanxes. These could defy cavalry charges, owing to the length of their spear-shafts, some as much as 18 feet. This particular method of fighting was believed to have been conceived by William Wallace who used it to tremendous effect.
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The pike was used for close-combat fighting. It was short-shafted and heavier than the true long spear. This Pikeman is in the livery of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, a nephew of Edward the Second and , ironically, cousin to Robert Bruce.
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Many churchmen - bishops, priests, friars and monks - were attached to the warring armies and not only carried arms but used them to good effect. Many monks like this one from a North of England abbey were enlisted into Edward's army as he progressed northwards and appeared in great numbers in the ranks, administering the sacraments and fighting the enemy with equal measure.
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